Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

Soekarno-Hatta International is Indonesia's primary aviation gateway and Southeast Asia's busiest airport outside Singapore, handling 51.7M passengers (2023). Named for the republic's founding president and vice-president, CGK serves the Jakarta megacity of 32M — one of the most populous urban agglomerations on earth — and anchors the world's largest archipelagic aviation network: over 17,000 islands connected by domestic service that represents roughly 70% of the airport's total traffic. Garuda Indonesia operates its flag-carrier hub at CGK, with subsidiary Citilink providing low-cost feeder capacity. Lion Air Group (Lion Air, Batik Air, Wings Air) holds the largest combined share of seat capacity — the Lion Air Group's operation at CGK is among the world's largest single-airport low-cost carrier concentrations. Singapore Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Emirates, Qatar Airways, All Nippon, Japan Airlines, Korean Air, China Airlines, KLM, and Turkish Airlines provide the international layer. Across 55 airlines the airport serves 91 destinations on 276 scheduled routes — the unusually low destination count relative to traffic reflects the hub's heavy point-to-point Indonesian domestic density. Three parallel runways handle movements: 07R/25L at 12,008 ft (3,660 m), 07L/25R at 11,812 ft (3,600 m), and a newly operational 06/24 at 9,843 ft (3,000 m) that opened 2019 to add third-runway capacity — the first major airport in Southeast Asia to add a third parallel. Three passenger terminals operate: T1 (domestic low-cost), T2 (international low-cost and some Garuda domestic), and T3 Ultimate (opened 2016 for Garuda full-service and long-haul international) with a 422,000 sq m (4.54M sq ft) footprint and 28 jet bridges. Terminal 4, under construction since 2023, will add 45M annual passenger capacity by 2028. Elevation is just 34 ft (10 m) on a coastal mangrove site 20 km northwest of central Jakarta.