José Martí International Airport

José Martí International Airport is the principal airport of Cuba and by a wide margin the busiest in the Caribbean islands excluding Puerto Rico, handling roughly 3.8 million passengers annually in pre-pandemic normal years. Named after the Cuban national hero and writer José Martí, HAV serves as the primary gateway to a country of 11 million and functions as the hub for flag carrier Cubana de Aviación. Its geopolitical position is singular among major airports: HAV is the busiest hub in the Americas subject to continuous US sanctions, and the routing patterns of airlines serving it reflect the long political history of Cuban-American relations, with US-Cuba charter flights, commercial scheduled flights (resumed in 2016, since restricted), and third-country transit (via Cancún, Nassau, Panama City) all coexisting. HAV is served by Air France, Iberia, KLM, Lufthansa, Aeroflot (historically), Aeroméxico, Copa, Avianca, TUI, Condor, Neos, and US carriers American and Delta (to limited US points). Cubana operates domestic service to Varadero, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba, and Camagüey, plus international service to Buenos Aires, Madrid, Caracas, and Mexico City using IL-96 and ATR equipment. Four terminals serve distinct functions: Terminal 1 handles domestic flights, Terminal 2 handles US charter and commercial flights, Terminal 3 handles most international scheduled traffic and is the largest, and Terminal 5 serves Cubana-operated flights and some charters. Two runways, 06/24 at 13,123 ft (4,000 m) and 05/23 at 6,991 ft (2,131 m), support widebody operations. HAV sits 15 km (9 mi) southwest of Old Havana at an elevation of 210 ft (64 m).