Oslo Airport, Gardermoen

Oslo Airport, Gardermoen (OSL) is the largest airport in Norway, handling 30.2M passengers in 2024, and one of the most operationally disciplined hubs in Europe: it is the principal base of SAS Scandinavian Airlines alongside CPH and ARN, and the largest single-airport base of Norwegian Air Shuttle globally. Located at 681 ft (208 m) elevation on the Romerike plain 45 km (28 mi) northeast of central Oslo, the airport sits at the northern apex of the triangular Scandinavian hub system and supplies the only long-haul widebody services in the Nordic region outside CPH and HEL. OSL opened in October 1998 as a greenfield replacement for the noise- and space-constrained Fornebu, making it one of the newest major hubs in Europe. It operates two parallel runways (01L/19R and 01R/19L, both 11,811 ft) separated by 2,035 m — a geometry permitting simultaneous independent parallel approaches rarely needed at its current traffic levels but dimensioned for an eventual 50M design ceiling. The 2017 opening of 'Oslo Airport Terminal 2', a 117,000 sq m north-pier extension by Nordic Office of Architecture, doubled departure-lounge capacity and integrated passive-solar daylighting of a kind uncommon at high-latitude airports. OSL has attributes atypical for a hub of its scale: more than 90% of its flights operate on airlines with fleet-wide SAF uplift at OSL, and the airport is one of only three worldwide to offer commercial SAF blending as a standard product to all resident carriers since 2016. Norwegian, Widerøe, SAS, Flyr legacy routes, and international full-service carriers all use a single merged terminal complex with Pier East (Schengen) and Pier West (non-Schengen) segregation.