Vladivostok International Airport

Vladivostok International Airport is the principal airport of the Russian Far East and the busiest airport east of Novosibirsk in Russia, handling roughly 3.1 million passengers annually. VVO's significance is geographic as much as commercial: Vladivostok sits 9,200 km (5,700 mi) east of Moscow and closer to Tokyo, Seoul, and Beijing than to European Russia, making VVO the principal pivot between the Russian Far East and Northeast Asian markets. The airport is officially named for World War II fighter pilot Ivan Kozhedub, though the city name is more commonly used. VVO is a hub for Aurora (the S7-Aeroflot Far East regional joint venture) and Aeroflot, with domestic trunk routes to Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Novosibirsk, and regional service throughout the Far East to Khabarovsk, Magadan, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Sakhalinsk, and Yakutsk. International service, historically robust to Seoul, Tokyo, Beijing, Harbin, and Pyongyang, has been reshaped since 2022 by Western airspace and sanctions restrictions; Chinese and North Korean carriers now provide the main non-Russian connectivity. Two runways serve the airport: 07L/25R at 11,483 ft (3,500 m) and 07R/25L at 7,546 ft (2,300 m). A large modern terminal, opened in 2012 ahead of the APEC summit that Vladivostok hosted that year, replaced the Soviet-era facility and added substantial capacity. VVO sits 38 km (24 mi) northeast of Vladivostok city center in Artyom, and is notable among Russian airports for having a direct Aeroexpress-style commuter rail link (the 'Aeroexpress Primorye') to the city, a rarity outside Moscow and St. Petersburg.